| 1919 | Scherzo in F-sharp minor, op. 1 | Potwierdzone | 5' |
| 1923 | Scherzo in E-flat major, op. 7 | Potwierdzone | 4' |
| 1924 | Two Pieces for String Octet: Prelude and Scherzo, op. 11 | Potwierdzone | 12' |
| 1925 | Symphony No. 1 in F minor, op. 10 | Potwierdzone | 32' |
| 1927 | Symphony No. 2 in B major, op. 14 “To October” · chór | Potwierdzone | 20' |
| 1927 | Tahiti Trot, op. 16 (Tea for Two) | Potwierdzone | 4' |
| 1927 | The Nose, op. 15 (complete opera) · opera · chór | Potwierdzone | 103' |
| 1928 | The Nose: Suite, op. 15a | Potwierdzone | — |
| 1928 | Two Pieces by Domenico Scarlatti, op. 17 (transcribed for wind orchestra) | Potwierdzone | 7' |
| 1929 | Symphony No. 3 in E-flat major, op. 20 “The First of May” · chór | Potwierdzone | 30' |
| 1930 | The Age of Gold, Suite, op. 22a | Potwierdzone | 17' |
| 1931 | The Bolt: Suite (Ballet Suite No. 5), op. 27a | Potwierdzone | 27' |
| 1932 | Hamlet: Suite from the incidental music, op. 32a | Potwierdzone | 23' |
| 1932 | Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District, op. 29 (complete opera) · opera · chór | Potwierdzone | 190' |
| 1932 | Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District: Suite (symphonic fragments), op. 29a | Potwierdzone | 42' |
| 1933 | Piano Concerto No. 1 in C minor, op. 35 (for piano, trumpet & strings) | Potwierdzone | 22' |
| 1934 | Suite for Jazz Orchestra No. 1 | Potwierdzone | 7' |
| 1935 | Five Fragments, op. 42 | Potwierdzone | 11' |
| 1936 | Symphony No. 4 in C minor, op. 43 | Potwierdzone | 63' |
| 1937 | Symphony No. 5 in D minor, op. 47 | Potwierdzone | 47' |
| 1938 | Chamber Symphony, op. 49a (String Quartet No. 1, arr. Barshai) | Potwierdzone | 15' |
| 1938 | Suite for Jazz Orchestra No. 2 (original 1938 suite) | Potwierdzone | 8' |
| 1939 | Suite on Finnish Themes | Potwierdzone | 12' |
| 1939 | Symphony No. 6 in B minor, op. 54 | Potwierdzone | 32' |
| 1941 | Symphony No. 7 in C major, op. 60 “Leningrad” | Potwierdzone | 75' |
| 1943 | Symphony No. 8 in C minor, op. 65 | Potwierdzone | 63' |
| 1945 | Symphony No. 9 in E-flat major, op. 70 | Potwierdzone | 27' |
| 1946 | Chamber Symphony, op. 73a (String Quartet No. 3, arr. Barshai) | Potwierdzone | 33' |
| 1948 | From Jewish Folk Poetry, op. 79a (voices and orchestra) | Potwierdzone | 25' |
| 1948 | Violin Concerto No. 1 in A minor, op. 77 | Potwierdzone | 36' |
| 1949 | Ballet Suite No. 1 | Potwierdzone | 14' |
| 1949 | Chamber Symphony, op. 83a (String Quartet No. 4, arr. Barshai) | Potwierdzone | 28' |
| 1949 | The Song of the Forests, op. 81 (oratorio) · chór | Potwierdzone | 36' |
| 1951 | Ballet Suite No. 2 | Potwierdzone | 18' |
| 1952 | Ballet Suite No. 3 | Potwierdzone | 16' |
| 1953 | Ballet Suite No. 4 | Potwierdzone | 16' |
| 1953 | Symphony No. 10 in E minor, op. 93 | Potwierdzone | 52' |
| 1954 | Festive Overture, op. 96 | Potwierdzone | 6' |
| 1955 | The Gadfly, Suite, op. 97a | Potwierdzone | 45' |
| 1956 | Suite for Variety Orchestra | Potwierdzone | 20' |
| 1957 | Piano Concerto No. 2 in F major, op. 102 | Potwierdzone | 20' |
| 1957 | Symphony No. 11 in G minor, op. 103 “The Year 1905” | Potwierdzone | 60' |
| 1959 | Cello Concerto No. 1 in E-flat major, op. 107 | Potwierdzone | 28' |
| 1960 | Chamber Symphony in C minor, op. 110a (String Quartet No. 8, arr. Barshai) | Potwierdzone | 22' |
| 1961 | Symphony No. 12 in D minor, op. 112 “The Year 1917” | Potwierdzone | 40' |
| 1962 | Symphony No. 13 in B-flat minor, op. 113 “Babi Yar” · chór | Potwierdzone | 60' |
| 1963 | Overture on Russian and Kirghiz Folk Themes, op. 115 | Potwierdzone | 11' |
| 1964 | Hamlet: Film Suite, op. 116a | Potwierdzone | 42' |
| 1964 | Symphony for Strings, op. 118a (String Quartet No. 10, arr. Barshai) | Potwierdzone | 26' |
| 1964 | The Execution of Stepan Razin, op. 119 · chór | Potwierdzone | 28' |
| 1966 | Cello Concerto No. 2 in G major, op. 126 | Potwierdzone | 37' |
| 1967 | October, Symphonic Poem, op. 131 | Potwierdzone | 13' |
| 1967 | Violin Concerto No. 2 in C-sharp minor, op. 129 | Potwierdzone | 30' |
| 1969 | Symphony No. 14, op. 135 | Potwierdzone | 50' |
| 1971 | Symphony No. 15 in A major, op. 141 | Potwierdzone | 45' |
| 1973 | Six Poems of Marina Tsvetayeva, op. 143a (contralto and chamber orchestra) | Potwierdzone | 20' |
| 1974 | Suite on Verses of Michelangelo Buonarroti, op. 145a | Potwierdzone | 42' |
| — | Four Preludes from op. 34 | nieokr. | — |